Egypt And Mesopotamia Similarities - 1368 Words

Both Egyptian and Mesopotamian Views of Living Egypt is a country found on the northeast corner of Africa. While Mesopotamia is found between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates in the western part of the Middle East. Both of these countries share the Mediterranean Sea. Even though in distance they did not seem far apart they had similarities, and differences in their two cultures. Both Egypt and Mesopotamia had unique religions, writing systems, literature, scientific achievements, art, and intricate architecture. The Egyptians and the Mesopotamians both had unique ways of worshiping, and going about their own religion. Both believed in deities, and both were polytheistic. Polytheistic is the belief of â€Å"many gods and goddesses †¦ and†¦show more content†¦Thus to keep the â€Å"gods happy† the Mesopotamian people often did actions and followed rules given by the king, in order to please the gods. Egyptian people also believed that their pharaohs were gods, and they were saw their â€Å"society as sacr ed†(18). Therefor Egyptians made it a priority to please the pharaoh since he â€Å"could venerate any deity he pleased† (18). Egyptian religion was unique in the fact that they believed in an afterlife. In the Old Kingdom of Egypt immortality was originally for kings, later it was given to nobles and other assistants to the kings. â€Å"Later, immortality was apparently opened to all Egyptians† (18). Egyptians viewed the afterlife as a â€Å"carefree continuation of earthly existence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (18). Egyptians developed a new type of religion which was the first of its kind when it was thought of. This religion based was formally called henotheism which was the â€Å"worship of one god without denying the existence of the other gods†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (18). Like other religions that are practiced today Egyptians sang hymns to praise their gods. Sumerians which were the people that lived in Mesopotamia created a simply way to record information and laws written by officials. Their earliest system of communication was through pictograms which were pictures that represent objects. Then came the ideograms which were â€Å"pictures drawn to represent ideas or concepts† (8). Later on the picture began to stand for a word rather than the object itShow MoreRelatedEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities751 Words   |  4 Pages Mesopotamia and Egypt were both part of the creation of the worlds first civilizations. These countries shared many similarities and differences within their society, political structure, and their religions. Mesopotamian and Egypt both flourished near rivers in which enabled them to become an agricultural enriched society. While both civilizations had the advantage of the rivers, Egypt did not have the fertile hinterland that allowed Mesopotamia to excel in agriculture. Through a political standpointRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities984 Words   |  4 Pages In what ways were the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt alike? In what ways were they different? What accounts for these similarities and differences? Mesopotamia and Egypt were the first known civilizations in history. While maintaining separate identities, they still managed to have a vast number of similarities. Differences that go beyond general location were also very prevalent between the two civilizations. One of the biggest similarities between the two civilizations is that theyRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia951 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Egypt and Mesopotamia. However, because of the different geography, exposure to outside invasion, influence, and beliefs, Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia came to not only contrast in political and social structures but also share similarities in them as well. When it came to the development of Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations politics played a prominent role in structuring the very foundation of each respective civilization. For instance, when it came to Ancient Egypt there existedRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia1131 Words   |  5 Pages Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia are a valuable area of historical research. This essay will focus on the differences and similarities in these societies economic, political, and cultural lives. As well as the circumstances the people of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia faced. Agriculture Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian agricultural lives were very different due to their geographical situations, differences in technology, and developments. Only a small area of Egyptian land (the Delta and NileRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Mesopotamia And Egypt1101 Words   |  5 PagesDifferences and Similarities While describing the cultural among the people of Mesopotamia and Egypt, I learned the differences and similarities in culture. The birth of Mesopotamian Civilization began in c. 3000 B.C.E., in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers of Southwest Asia. Mesopotamia is a Greek word and it means ‘between the rivers.’ In contrast, the birth of Egyptian Civilization began in c. 3100 B.C.E., in a valley of the Nile River in Northeastern Africa. Egypt is a Greek wordRead MoreSimilarities Between Mesopotamia And Egypt1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe geographical location was an important factor in many of the ancient civilizations. Where the people settled determined whether they would have success at surviving. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt were ancient civilizations founded in roughly the same longitude and latitude area of the world. Hot dry areas full of dessert. What drew early civilizations to settle on these locations was the same for both places, land near water t hat was good for planting. What is different about each location isRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia1125 Words   |  5 Pagesago there existed two main civilizations: Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, and Ancient Egypt along the Nile. Even though Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were both advanced civilizations they had many differences such as their government, religion, as well as their trade and society. Mesopotamian culture thought negatively about its gods, and had conflict, cultural diffusion, and a decentralized government while Ancient Egypt thought highly of its gods, had a centralizedRead MoreEgypt and Mesopotamia: Similarities and Differences in Religion956 Words   |  4 Pagespessimistic outlook on life because of the unpredictability of their environment. The Egyptians, on the other hand, had an optimistic outlook because the Nile River inundated their region regularly, which could be predicted by the stars. The similarities and differences in the religions of these two regions may be attributable to the relative geographical isolationism of the two areas, which allowed them to develop without the influence of outside cultures. Both ancient cultures built sophisticatedRead MoreSimilarities in the Artwork of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece941 Words   |  4 Pages The artworks of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece have similarities that not only reflect objects and images, but also the media, style and representation. These countries were not always wealthy, clever, creative and powerful enough to gain supplies, but they all find a way to create art with what they had. They have all influenced on each other’s cultures and belief through their artistic values and ways, ranging from the materials and tools they use, positionRead MoreCompare and COntarst1518 Words   |  7 Pages Egypt and Mesopotamia have both similarities and differences, throughout both of these civilizations from back to 3,500 B.C. The political and social structures in these civilizations were different and the same in their own way. The political differences between Egypt and Mesopotamia included hierarchy power, land control, and centralized government. The similarities between both civilizations are social class, male patriarchy, and kings. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had differences of their political

Exploring Biographical Knowledge Into The Daily Routine...

The focus of this study was to explore how incorporating biographical knowledge into the daily routine and care of an individual with dementia can bring about changes in their behaviors that impact quality of care and quality of life. This chapter assembles the major findings of the study, considers the unique contribution to the research and practice of the care of people with dementia in a long term care setting. The implications for further research discussed as well as limitations of the study considered. Discussion The study makes a unique contribution to the existing literature on biographical approaches in dementia care. The findings suggest a positive effect of this approach for people with dementia in long term care setting. Similar to Life Story Work, Reminiscence Therapy and Meaningful activities this study indicates a number of benefits. First, it promotes increased understanding of the person. It enables nursing home staff to see a person in the context of his whole life. This in turn leads into deeper relationships. The voice of the resident with dementia can be heard when he or she is seen as a person and not just as a patient. The uniqueness of person’s needs and values can only be understood and adequately addressed by knowing his or hers life story. As in case of Rosemary, by learning about her life experiences the staff were able to see not a â€Å"mean and loud woman† but somebody who expresses her fear of water getting into her ears, or attachment to

Contemporary Business Environment

Question: Discuss about theContemporary Business Environment. Answer: Introduction Unemployment can be stated as the phenomena that arises when an individual who is actively searching for employment but is unable to find a job (Weiss 2014). The unemployment in an economy can be of various types such as frictional unemployment, cyclical and structural unemployment. Topic Overview The unemployment rate of the economy has a significant impact on the decision making of a company. The decision of the managers, of the organisation needs to proper balance with the economic trend (Feather 2012). It is important for the decision makers of the company to become more specific with the decisions when the market in which it operates, faces unemployment. Revising the policies of the organisation and adopting enhanced hiring policies will allow the company to address the unemployment issues in the economy (Pettigrew 2014). Corporate Social Responsibilities There are a number of organisations that utilises the Corporate Social Responsibility for the youth and the betterment of the economy. As the unemployment rate is high, and the young generations faces challenges in entering into the business market, the organisations organises workshop on employability skills or work based scenarios to make the individuals more efficient (Navi 2012). This allows the job seekers to gather more knowledge about the business they are looking for. Conclusion The decision making process is thus an effective process that has a significant impact on the economic trend of the nation. The decision makers can thus be able to address the issues of the economy such as unemployment with the help of strategic decisions and CSR policies. References Feather, N.T., 2012.The psychological impact of unemployment. Springer Science Business Media. Navi, S.T., 2012. Corporate social responsibility. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Weiss, A., 2014.Efficiency wages: Models of unemployment, layoffs, and wage dispersion. Princeton University Press.

Testing Potential Employees for the Hotel Industry

Due to the dynamic demands of modern day careers, it important for companies to test potential recruits. Testing employees is a valuable tool that helps to establish the best people with not only the best behavioral but also the best skills and talents to fit in a particular job (Schwind et al, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Testing Potential Employees for the Hotel Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Schwind et al (2007) also explains that these tests are written as well as oral and sometimes may include roles plays. The company should engage tests that are not biased towards specific people butt towards specific skills. There are four the four basic types of tests available for the restaurant namely: aptitude, personal interest test, personality traits and integrity evaluation. The company needs integrity tests to evaluate employee’s honesty and trustworthiness in the job environment. Trust worthiness is important in portraying employees’ dedication to the job. Personality evaluation will reveal potential employees with the best character traits such customer relation skills, conscientiousness and the emotional stability that are necessary for the fast growing Canadian hotel industry. Aptitude test will help the company to establish the employee’s cognitive skills, knowledge and abilities suitable for the job. The test should also aim at inventorying the recruits’ personal interest The restaurant need to ensure the reliability of test results and as such should combine these four types of tests. This will reduce the margin of error to the bare minimum thus produce valid results that the human resource management will use in making the decision on the best person to hire. Most importantly, the test’s utilitiness will be very important in quantifying the level of productivity of every employee. Thus the company can use test utility information in determining the best combination of employees that will result in the greatest benefit to the company (Jones, Steffy Bray, 1991). Factors to Consider In Preparing a Report to the MSVU University A good report is intended to be informative, factual and realistic. In reporting to the university, there are several factors to consider in when preparing the report. To begin with, one of the key considerations of the report is to establish the validity of the claim by Halifax Chronicle-Herald on the impending disaster in the university’s human resource requirements in the future. Once the validity has been established, it will be important for the report to define the problem clearly and concisely while giving as much background information as possible.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Defining the problem will require highlighting objective and factual information abou t the current MSVU’s human resource dynamics, while isolating unsubstantiated and subjective comments and reports regarding the issue. To avoid being too theoretical, the report should consider giving a quantitative data by providing statistical information in figures presented in graphs and tables. The reason for this data is to substantiate the gap between the current and the future university human resource needs. Accurate assessment of the problem is an important factor in identifying the mitigation steps MSVU’s human resource department should take to in anticipation of the impending situation. Thus, the report should factor in recommendations. While defining the problem the report will avoid using technical jargon but rather layman but formal language. This will help in easier interpretation of the data. In preparing this report will also factor the universities current financial position. This information will be important, as it will help to identify the most e conomically viable options in preparing the institution to deal with the problem. Lastly the report will factor in the consequences that the university faces in the wake of those revelations (UCD n.d.).. Dealing with HIV infected nurses Disturbing reports have emerged that there is still considerable discrimination of people living with HIV AIDS in the Canadian workforce. The Canadian Charter of Right considers HIV AIDS as disability. Thus, it is illegal to discriminate any person infected with the virus at either the workplace or any other place. In this, regard Most of Canadian provinces have outlawed the discrimination of workers because of their HIV status. (Schwind et al, 2007) argues that employees must know the health and safety requirement of their work place and as a manager there will be need to take the necessary action in line with the legal provision that deals with people living with HIV. There are still minimal chances of infection from an infected health worker to a patient or to another health worker. As such, there is needed to take the necessary steps to protect the patients as well as the other health workers from being infected. The Canadian law requires that manager’s treat the health statuses of worker in confidence and that information can only be made public if the person living with the condition voluntarily reveals it. Law in Canada also requires that those living or associating with HIV positive people also have a right to protection from infection. As such there is need to encouraged the nurse to take the necessary counseling on the safest practices that will prevent further spreading of the condition especially to other health workers and patients. The company will also provide the nurse with the necessary tools, be they professional, technical or psychological. These tools are intended to help the nurse protect the patients and fellow health from infection (HIV/AIDS Policy and Law Review, 2005).Advertising We will wri te a custom essay sample on Testing Potential Employees for the Hotel Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Methods of Collecting Information for a Job Analysis Collecting data from one source to do a job analysis will result to invalid and inaccurate information. As such, it is important to incorporate data from various sources and using different techniques to capture as much information that will enable one to come to a valid conclusion. The most effective method to collect job data is performing the job description task itself. The job analyst does the job and thus gains first hand experience. This involves performing the professor’s roles such as preparing for lectures, research and analyzing students’ performance. This will equip the analyst with contextual knowledge regarding the job. The job analyst should also do a persona observation on the job. This entails accompanying the professor(s) as they conduct the ir daily business such as lecturing, researching, administration of test and such other duties. This however does not mean that the analyst will get involved in the job. The analyst should do the observation under normal conditions. Observation reveals information on job roles. Observations and performing the job does not yield all the information needed to do a critical job review. The job analyst also needs to supplement this information from other sources. As such there is need to conduct interviews on other professors about the nature of the job. Interviewing various professors in the tourism department is crucial in getting different perspectives about the job. Interviews could either be oral or written/questionnaires. Most importantly, it would be important to review historical case regarding this discipline. The importance of contacting case studies is because they have been used as important milestones in reaching critical decisions. Combined these four method should reveal conclusive information for a valid job analysis (Open Learning World, 2010). Reference List HIV/AIDS Policy and Law Review. (2005). Protecting discrimination against HIVAIDS status Canada: the legal framework. Aids Law, (10) 1. Web. Jones, W., Steffy, B., Bray, W. (1991). Appling psychology in business: The  handbook for managers and human resource professionals. New York: McMillan.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Open Learning World. (2010). Methods of collecting data for job analysis. Open  Learning World. Web. Schwind, H., Das, H., Wagar, T. (2007). Canadian Human resource management: A strategic approach. Toronto: McGraw–Hill Ryerson. UCD, ( n.d.). Record management and freedom of information unit. Web. This essay on Testing Potential Employees for the Hotel Industry was written and submitted by user Giovanny Carson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Role of Women in Homers The Odessy

The Role of Women in Homers The Odessy The Role of Women in The OdysseyIn Greek mythology, there are both Gods, and Goddesses. In Homers The Odyssey, the epic poem's hero, Odysseus, encounters both on his journey home back to his wife, Penelope. This proves difficult with all the epic encounters that slow his journey down. But Odysseus is strong; both physically and mentally, able to escape the obstacles in his wake to get home. However, these traits and Odysseus's ability are constantly challenged by the temptation of women. In The Odyssey, examples of such temptation reflect woman as seducing and powerful; but despite this, they still fall subordinate to men, due to gender roles. Odysseus's numerous encounters with women make this clear.A prime example of the importance of the roles of women in the Odyssey is their roles as seductresses. When Odysseus' crew arrives on Circe's island, they are attracted to Circe's house because of the alluring voice of the beautiful but monstrous goddess.Gold ring representing Penelope w aiting for Odysse...Homer describes her as an "enchantress". As "low she sang/ in her beguiling voice" (lines 13-14), Odysseus' men respond to this by calling onto her and entering her house. The men's desires for Circe allows the Goddess to exploit their weaknesses, trick them, and thus use this opportunity turn them into swine, proudly proclaiming they go "Down in the sty and snore with all the rest!"(line 51). By turning the men into the lesser animals, or more like her 'pets', it shows how much power and authority Circe has over them. Odysseus, only, with the help of a protective drug and advice provided by Hermes, goes to rescue his men from Circe's island. He follows Hermes' instructions and when the goddess attempts to strike him with her sword threateningly. But, although Odysseus is very...

Antecedents and Pronouns in the French Grammar Glossary

Antecedents and Pronouns in the French Grammar Glossary An antecedent is the previously mentioned or implied word, phrase, or clause that a pronoun replaces.  The pronoun typically agrees with the antecedent in gender, number, and/or grammatical function. Pronouns Agree With Their Antecedents Pronouns are words that stand in for nouns.  There are many different kinds of pronouns, but they can be divided into two main categories: personal (je, tu, il, nous, vous, ils), which changes according to the grammatical person it represents; and impersonal (adverbial, demonstrative, indefinite demonstrative, indefinites, interrogatives, negatives, possessives, relatives and indefinite relatives). The latter range from the adverbial y and en to the demonstrative celui, celle, ceux, celles and the popular relative pronoun  (qui, que, lequel, dont, and oà º), which links a dependent clause to a main clause and may replace a subject, direct object, indirect object or preposition. Examples   Pronouns and their antecedents, with which each pronoun agrees in form or function, are bolded. Nous regardons la tà ©là ©.We are watching TV. Jai achetà © un livre.  Il a à ©tà © à ©crit en 1999.I bought a  book.  It  was written in 1999. Je  lui  parle.Im talking  to  him. Si nous allons faire un gà ¢teau, nous devons le faire maintenant.If were going to make a cake, we need to do it now. Je  lui  parle.Im talking  to  him. Je cherche lartiste.  Il  Ãƒ ©tudie Paris.Im looking for the artist. Hes studying in Paris.Je cherche lartiste  qui  Ãƒ ©tudie Paris.Im looking for the artist whos studying in Paris.

Discuss the importance of the rule nemo dat quod non habet in s.21 of Assignment

Discuss the importance of the rule nemo dat quod non habet in s.21 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979. Use examples to support your arguments - Assignment Example Commonly refered to as nemo dat, this concept stems from vision of a series of transactions whereby a current owner of property is required to be able to trace back ownership to reflect a chain of legitimate transfers. Further, the chain of transfers should originate from legitimate original possession. With examples, this paper will discuss the importance of nemo dat as well as applicable exceptions as per the provisions of the Sale of Goods Act 1979. Nemo dat is mainly concerned with the issue of which of the two parties, the legitimate owner and the innocent buyer, must pay the price of the fraud of a third party (Yap 2008, p. 254). It is a familiar occurrence that legitimate owners of goods are swindled into parting with the goods and, similarly, innocent buyers deceived into buying the goods from a third party. Therefore, the fundamental importance of the nemo dat rule is protecting the true and legitimate owners of property. Then, it also protects property by stipulating that no one can give a title that is better than he himself has (MacLeod 2012, p. 27). The usual scenario of the sale of property is that it is carried out between a willing buyer and either the legitimate owner or their duly authorized representatives. However, situations also occur in which the seller is selling property that does not rightfully belong to him or he does not possess the required right to sell. At that point, the significance of nemo dat is that it will form the basis on which the law will decide whether to favor the original owner or the bona fide buyer (Elliott 2004, p. 382). The rule of nemo dat remains legally binding even in situations where buyers are not aware that the sellers have no right to allege ownership of the property being transacted. In most circumstances, the buyer of property from a seller with no ownership rights will not get the title of ownership but, legally, there are exceptions that can actually grant such buyers the title. Meant to protect

Sew What Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sew What Inc - Case Study Example The Sew What? Business has won several awards and recognitions attesting to the distinct application of information technology that spurred financial success. Information technologies contributed to the business success of Sew What? Inc. through allowing customers from various locations, both locally and abroad, to view the products and services that they offer. By ensuring that their Web site is effectively designed, customers get to review all kinds of color swatches; guides them to calculate measurements for their respective projects; differentiates one kind of curtain from another; providing instructional advise on the care and use of drapery materials; among others (Case Facts, 41). Duckett came to realize that information technology is relevant in terms of enabling small business to provide products and services in a more sophisticated and highly structured fashion that enabled them to reach a wide range of clientele and create high quality products and services. The amount and value of work is thereby maximized by using only a small amount of manpower and internal resources. If I were a management consultant to Sew What? Inc., one would advise Megan Duckett to continue upgrading various applications that could be offered by developments in information technology. For instance, she is already reflecting on instituting a bar code system to track the manufacturing process at their company’s warehouse. After this, Duckett can use information technology to the management in the business’ supply chain in terms of providing a direct link with her regular suppliers of raw materials to identify the inventory levels and reorder points. By doing so, her company need not order for raw materials that are not fast moving and suppliers, on the other hand, could anticipate demand for fast moving items and schedule deliveries at the soonest possible time. Further, their database should contain prospective projects from current clients to enable

Analysis of Two Pictures by Dorothea Lange Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Two Pictures by Dorothea Lange Essay Dorothea Lange is one of the America’s most renowned documentary photographers. Yet her works can not be considered as â€Å"purely† documental. Lnge’s ability to demonstrate the inner world of her heroes and her masterful photographic techniques placed her works in the middle between photography and art. In this paper I will attempt to review and analyze two Lange’s photographs: â€Å"Human Erosion in California† (â€Å"Migrant Mother†) and â€Å"Child and Her Mother†. I am going to analyze them in terms of style, symbolism and influence on future Lange’s career and development of the art of photography. â€Å"Human Erosion in California† and â€Å"Child and Her Mother† are separated with the period of three years being made in 1936 and 1939 respectively. This was a time when Lange was about forty and her talent flourished reaching its highpoint. At that time she made her name as a social critic, as her matter of primary concern was the fate of poor and dispossessed people . â€Å"Human Erosion in California† is probably her most famous picture touching this theme. More broadly, Lange was interested in the people as they are and people in different situations. The â€Å"Child and Her Mother† is more a psychological than social work, or, better to say, a work on human psychology in a stagnating society. Here Lange could apply her experience she received working with Maynard Dixon and in the portrait studio to develop her own original style . The picture that later became known as â€Å"Human Erosion in California† or â€Å"Migrant Mother† was originally made in California in 1936. This picture that became almost an iconic vision of the Great Depression depicts Florence Owens Thompson, a Cherokee woman whose husband died in 1932 leaving her with five children and expecting the sixth child. Describing their meeting Lange wrote: I did not ask her name or her history. She told me her age, that she was 32. She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields and birds that the children killed. She had just sold the tires from her car to buy food. Lange has made several pictures of the same model to find the best perspective. The most famous of the pictures she made demonstrates a prematurely aged woman sitting in a camp with two underage children cuddling to their mother. The woman looks both tensed and tired. Her look can not be called desperate, she rather seems to be disappointed and desolated. A woman can not afford herself to become frustrated as she has to care of the babies. Despite of all her grieves she looks strong and decisive. This picture places a model in the centre while the details of the background are unimportant. Much later Thompson told that Langer promised her not to publish the picture and to send her a copy, yet she did neither. Officially the picture was made for the government and Lange never received royalties for it, but this work was a landmark that contributed greatly to her success. 20 000 pounds of food arrived to the camp where the picture was made after publication of the picture, but Thompson has not received any since she had already moved in search of work . Durden observes that many of Lange’s pictures â€Å"focus on the expressive potential of the body’s gesture† . This is true for the â€Å"Migrant Mother†, but this feature of Lange’s work can be most obviously illustrated by the â€Å"Child and Her Mother†. The picture was made in 1939 in the Yakima Valley near Washington. It is less famous than the â€Å"Migrant Mother†, yet not less brilliant as it presents another aspect of Lange’s talent. â€Å"Child and Her Mother† is a socio-psychological work combining the view of a teenage frustration with social blunders. From the artistic point of view Lange used a different composition in this picture. In contrast to static â€Å"Migrant Mother† this photograph presents movement and tensed rhythm. A child, who can also be perceived as a young girl downcasts her eyes linking against the wire fence while carefully observed by her mother. Both stand on a sandy desert land burned by sun, but the mother attempts to cover her eyes while the daughter keeps them open. It appears that the girl is trying to escape the life that her mother has lived in order to overcome sadness and poverty . Lange’s work in the times of the Great Depression are not unique. Not less famous are, for example, works of Arthur Rothstein. Yet Lange is distinguished by her profound sympathetic understanding not of the social phenomena, but of the people suffering from it. This is a kind of â€Å"female view† of the Great Depression as an event that revealed the hidden sides of people’s characters. For this reason Lange’s pictures would hardly be lost in the stream of her contemporaries’ works. Works Cited: 1. Partridge, Elizabeth. Restless Spirit: The Life and Work of Dorothea Lange. Puffin, 1991; 2. Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange: A Photographers Life. Syracuse University Press; 1st Syracuse University Press Ed edition, 2000; 3. Durden, Mark. Dorothea Lange. Phaidon Press, 2006; 4. Spirn, Anne Winston. Daring to Look: Dorothea Langes Photographs and Reports from the Field. University Of Chicago Press, 2008; 5. Maksel, Rebecca. â€Å"Migrant Madonna†. Smithsonian magazine, March 2002. http://www. smithsonianmag. com/arts-culture/Migrant_Madonna. html retrieved April 27, 2009.

The Digital Divide Essay example -- Papers

The Digital Divide Digital Divide is often described as the gap between those with access to technology (e.g. computers and the Internet) and those who have not. It is a social and political issue that started since the early 1990’s and is believed to have grown over the years. There is also such thing as â€Å"Global Digital Divide†, and this refer back to the gap between developed and developing countries. At present, programs such as BBC’s Computeraid try and help solve this social problem by donating computers in rural areas and helping educate people. Digital Divide isn’t just about the access of people to such facilities but also described as the differing levels of IT skills within the society. Digital Divide is often referred back to the haves and have-nots, also known as the rich and the poor. In earlier years, they have been described as the middle and working classes, although these sectors vaguely exist in the society at present. The haves are people who can afford to buy these new technologies such as compute...

With Reference to six poems, explain how attitudes to war changed over the course of World War One

World War One, or as most historians refer to it â€Å"The Great War,† was supposed to be the war to end all wars. From 1914 to 1918, young men were encouraged to sign up to fight for the British army against the might of the Germans. Because conscription wasn't introduced until 1916, recruitment songs, posters and poetry were needed to encourage men to sign up. These songs and poems were specially written using a wide variety of rhetorical devices so as to display the potential advantages that joining the army could bring. Most recruitment poems have subtle similarities as they are all written for the same purpose: to persuade. The main way they do this is through the use of rhetorical devices. In the poem ‘Who's for the game? ‘ the first three verses have rhetorical questions featuring heavily. For example, â€Å"Who'll grip and tackle the job unafraid† and â€Å"Who'll give his country a hand? † This also occurs in â€Å"Fall In† with the line, â€Å"Will you send a strangled cheer to the sky / and grin till your cheeks are red? † These words are examples of rhetorical devices. They make you question yourself after you have read it about whether or not you enlist. The titles of the two poems also set the tone of the different poems and make the reader aware of what they are about to read. Making sure that the title displays this is important, because you then know what some of what is about to happen before you have even started the first word. â€Å"Who's for the game† shows war as a fun, exciting prospect that men, if they signed up, would enjoy. Whereas â€Å"Fall In,† the other recruitment poem, has a military connotation. Fall in† is a marching term that is used a lot in the army, so before you have read a word of the actual poem, you know that the rest of the poem is going to have a military background, perhaps talking about how war is like from the military's point of view The structure of the poems are very similar, as they both have the same rhyming pattern with alternate lines rhyming – â€Å"played† and â€Å"unafraid† as well as â€Å"fright† and â€Å"tight† This makes the poems catchy and therefore easier to remember. This will then cause the poem to stick in people's heads, continuously persuading them to join the army. In the poem â€Å"Fall In,† the author relates personally to you with the lines â€Å"Is it football still and the picture show / the pub and the betting odds† These are all things that the people who the poems were read by would have done in their everyday life. This is mirrored in â€Å"Who's for the game? † where they mention â€Å"the red crashing game of a fight† this compares war to a game like football to make it more appealing to the readers of the poem. This targets the audience through their word choice. â€Å"Crashing†, is a positive adjective which makes the reader more accepting of war. This also makes the poem sound more appealing and attractive to the reader. Also in â€Å"Who's for the game? † they relate to you by appealing to men's sense of bravery and chivalry in the lines â€Å"Your country is up to her neck in a fight / and she's looking and calling for you† There are a number of appealing factors about that line, the first being the pronoun – â€Å"Your†; this makes it sound as if you own the country and it would be a shame to let it go. Then they refer to the country as a female in the words, â€Å"her neck† This makes them think that they are strong and brave and also personifies war as a beautiful woman that they need to go and rescue. This emphasises the point even further by saying that she's â€Å"looking and calling for you. † The writer has made it sound like they're talking about every single male that hasn't signed up yet. In the next section I will look at a different viewpoint of the same experience of war, from soldier poets. These poets fought in the trenches and wrote poems about what their experiences were like. The author of â€Å"Peace,† Rupert Brooke, was a neo-classical poet whose poems glorified war and made it sound like a glorious adventure, however he never experienced combat at first hand. He became famous because of his good looks. An Irish poet was quoted to have described him as â€Å"the handsomest young man in England! † Arthur Graeme West, however, isn't as famous as him. This is probably because he was known to write poems attacking young soldier-poets who were writing poems idealising war – like Rupert Brooke. His own personal gruesome experience was probably his motivation to write such a scathing poem about the young poets. In â€Å"Peace,† the main aim of the poem is to explain to people about how great the war is and how much of an adventure it would be when you sign up to join the army. Brooke has used the sonnet structure to his advantage. In the first eight lines, the octave, he is explaining about how war could liven up their lives in the line, â€Å"†¦ nd wakened us from sleeping,† and then in the last six lines, the sestet, he brings the poem to a close reassuring the reader about death, â€Å"Naught broken save this body, lost but breath;† This talks about how when you die your body is the only thing that is broken, and nothing is lost apart from breath, It hints at the fact that the soul of a person will live on after death. This makes the reader more accepting of death, because it says that after death you will live on. However, in â€Å"God! How I hate you,† West has also used the end of the poem to hammer home his point. In the first five lines he talks about why he is writing the poem. The title itself is from when he is addressing the poets who are glorifying war. The title continues into â€Å"†¦ you young cheerful men,† the men being the poets. In the last part he goes into a much more detailed version of war with strong adjectives like â€Å"warm grey brain,† and powerful similes like, â€Å"smashed like an eggshell† This is a good example as it likens a man's head to an eggshell which is very easy to smash. The choice of simile here suggests that human life is fragile Imagery plays a huge part in both poems. â€Å"Peace† is showing war in a positive way like in the line â€Å"†¦ we have found release there,† this meaning that war has cleansed them from the boring Edwardian society that they lived in before the war. â€Å"God! How I Hate You,† in contrast shows war in the opposite way, with the gruesome wording in the latter section. â€Å"Spattered all bloody,† is one of the strongest phrases in the poem and it is made all the more poignant with the last two lines. These lines are almost mocking the young-soldier poets, saying that even though that the war is so ghastly, â€Å"†¦ still God's in His Heaven† and all is right in the world. There are also hints at sarcasm, which is meant to make the soldier poets embarrassed about what they've written. The last poems I am going to look at are â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth. † â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† is a war poem written by Wilfred Owen in collaboration with Siegfriend Sassoon. Wilfred Owen was seen as one of the most important war-poets in World War One. He wrote poetry in the trenches and kept a diary. He experienced shell shock after a shell burst near him in 1917 and was sent to a military hospital in Scotland called Craiglockhart where he met Siegfried Sassoon. Whilst there, his poetry changed and became more explicit and more didactic in content. The poem is very negative about war. They mention a lot of the effects that war can bring on you like, â€Å"Drunk with fatigue,† which meant that the war was so tiring they were acting as if they were drunk from the effects. Also, â€Å"Deaf even to the hoots,† means that they were concentrating so hard on the war that they couldn't hear anything at all. The reason for all this negativity is that it was written in 1917, three years after war had broken out so they had had time to see how bad the war is and to construct a poem saying how startlingly horrific it is. Owen does very well at portraying a gas attack, the main event in the poem. The first of these very emotive stanzas is â€Å"vile, incurable sores. † The first word, â€Å"vile† immediately makes your repulsed and moved about the use of this foul language. Another one is â€Å"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs. † I think this is the worst and most dreadful of the three stanzas because corrupted makes you think of how ruined and destroyed this young soldiers lungs must be after inhaling the gas. The last one is â€Å"watch the white eyes writing in his face. † The strongest word in this stanza is definitely writihing. These poetic techniques are really vivid because they make you really disgusted at what has happened to these poor soldiers during the war. All these really horrible descriptions of war really hit home the ideas about the ‘bogus' patriots, like Jessie Pope, whom the poem is addressed to. The reason for addressing the poem to her is that she stayed at home yet encouraged men to join the army and to go and fight in the war. As well as her it is also addressed to all the soldier poets like Rupert Brooke who glamorised war. This gave the poem more fame than others because most people saw the reception from the other well-known poets that it was aimed at. As well as using a lot of descriptions to describe war he uses continuous verbs like â€Å"†¦ uttering, choking, drowning. † This gives you the sense of the war never ending with no hope of going out as after you've read one word you're immediately pounded on with another one. This gives the poem more depth than the actual words written on the page. Also a lot of similes in the first paragraph including, â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,â₠¬  as well as â€Å"coughing like hags. † These also give you the idea that war is a really terrible place to be because things like hags and beggars aren't very nice things to be likened to. The soldiers have also not become human because of the war – they have aged and become dehumanised. I think that putting the title at the end of the poem rounds off the whole poem because you don't really read those last lines but it gives you time to digest the poem and focus on what you have actually read. In this poem, there is also use of sarcasm and an accusatory tone because of the people that the poet was directing it to – Jessie Pope and other poets just like her. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† was written by Wilfred Owen in collaboration with Siegfried Sassoon when they met in Craiglockhart, a military hospital in 1917. They wrote it together relying on each other to adjust bits slightly using both poets' skills. The war was reaching its conclusion and poems were becoming more detailed as four years of war had given them lots to write about. Gruesome injuries, horrific detail and the soldier's own personal accounts affected how poets displayed their words to the reader. The grisly nature of the poem is displayed immediately in the first stanza with the description, â€Å"What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? † This likens deaths of soldiers to that of cattle. If someone dies like cattle it is not going to be a glorious death. The quote also states about how, after a soldier's death, no one will sound church bells in memoriam of them in the line, â€Å"What passing-bells†¦ † This makes the deaths sound unimportant and that nobody cares if a soldier dies. Instead of bells, the only sounds they were likely to get were â€Å"the monstrous anger of the guns†¦ † and, â€Å"the stuttering rifles rapid rattle. † This likens the typical funeral noises to that of war. There is also a use of alliteration with â€Å"rifles' rapid rattle† It shows how brutal and quick the rifles could fire. They use personification in the â€Å"choirs of wailing shells. † Instead of a choir of church boys singing the soldiers had the â€Å"wail† of an exploding shell. This creates a shocked and surprised mood to the comparison of shells to choir boys. With the line, â€Å"What candles may be held to speed them all? † It questions whether or not anyone cares about the amount of death that is happening. It says that boys won't care because they are the ones that possibly could go to war in the future. Girls will be the only ones feeling sorry for them and â€Å"girl's brows shall be their pall. â€Å"Palls† are the cloth used to cover coffins so it means that the girls will be the most caring people. Also at the end of the poem, to round the end off, they use a metaphor about death. â€Å"And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds† This likens death to the drawing-down of blinds, or in the soldier's context, their eyes closing. This makes the reader feel more accepting of death, it being likened to just drawing down of blinds – something that some people do every evening, and there is a sense of finality over this sombre and grave ending. In conclusion, my favourite poem was â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† because it had a very musical background, â€Å"no prayers nor bells† and â€Å"†¦ save the choirs. † The poem is a great poem, I think because two poets wrote it together. With two poets working on one poem, they can annotate each other's work and make additions to it and change some parts to suit both there own. With all the references to music there is a lot to focus on, however if you can get your head around the poem it is a very emotive and meaningful poem.

Feng Shui Essay

Feng shui traces its origin to ancient China. Although it was often utilized by the ancient Chinese to predict the future, feng shui was more than that. Literally translated as â€Å"wind water,† it was fundamentally a part of their beliefs concerning nature – specifically the anchored on the principle that when man elects to live with nature, he and his environment both benefit by his actions. This is in contrast to what happens when he is living against nature where his activities destroy either himself, nature, or both. (Carroll, 2007) According to Feng shui man is greatly affected by his physical and emotional surroundings. In other words, a man who finds himself in the midst of a negative atmosphere like noise, ugliness, or death is debased, while he who surrounds himself with things associated with the positive such as beauty, music, kindness, and sweetness joins the ranks of the virtuous and the noble. (Carroll, 2007) The so-called experts in feng shui claim that they utilize their knowledge about the five elements of nature (wood, water, fire, metal and earth) and the two energies called chi and sha to sense â€Å"metaphysical energies† and predict the directions of their flow. This is what occurs when they arrange the furnishings inside a house, recommend the best directional position that a building should take, or where to locate it within a piece of land before construction work starts. For instance, these masters would position the beds in every room in certain ways, they would tell the homeowners where to locate the dining room or bathroom, where the appliances should be, what kind of paintings or framed pictures to hang and where, or even which direction the house should face – all of these after using their â€Å"sensors† to tell which way the good energy flows. The objective of the exercise, according to feng shui masters, is to make optimum use of the good energies and avoid the bad energies. For some people, however, feng shui is nothing but superstition. (Carroll, 2007) Reference Carroll, R. T. (2007). feng shui. Retrieved September 23, 2007 from http://skepdic. com/fengshui. html

Top 10 Ways to Waste Time in College

Top 10 Ways to Waste Time in College College life is hard. As a student, you most likely balance your classes, homework, finances, a job, friends, a social life, a relationship, cocurricular involvement, and ten million other things all at the same time. Its no wonder, then, that you may need to just spend time, well, wasting time now and then. But how can you tell if youre wasting time in a productive or nonproductive way? 1. Social Media Productive uses: Catching up with friends, socializing, connecting with family and friends, connecting with classmates, relaxing in a fun way.Nonproductive uses: Gossiping, snooping out of boredom, obsessing over old friends or partners, getting information out of jealousy, trying to start drama. 2. People Productive uses: Relaxing, hanging out with friends, socializing, getting to meet new people, engaging in interesting conversations, experiencing new things with good folks.Nonproductive uses: Malicious gossip, looking for people to hang out with because youre avoiding a task, feeling like you have to be part of the crowd when you know you have other things to do. 3. The Internet Productive uses: Doing research for homework, learning about topics that are interesting, catching up on current events, looking into academic opportunities, looking for employment opportunities, booking travel to visit home.Nonproductive uses: Stumbling around just to keep boredom at bay, looking at sites you werent interested in in the first place, reading about people and/or news that have no connection or impact on your time in school (or your homework!). 4. The Party Scene Productive uses: Having fun with friends, letting yourself relax during the evening, celebrating a special event or occasion, socializing, meeting new people, building friendships and community at your school.Nonproductive uses: Engaging in unhealthy behaviors that impede your ability to do things like homework and going to work on time. 5. Drama Productive uses: Getting help for your friend or yourself during a time of need, connecting a friend or yourself to other support systems, building and learning empathy for others.Nonproductive uses: Making or being involved with drama that is unnecessary, feeling the need to fix problems that arent yours to fix and that cant be fixed by you anyway, getting sucked into drama simply because you were at the wrong place at the wrong time. 6. Email Productive uses: Communicating with friends, catching up with family, contacting professors, exploring job or research opportunities, dealing with administrative offices (like financial aid) on campus.Nonproductive uses: Checking email every 2 minutes, interrupting work every time an email comes in, emailing back and forth when a phone call might better suffice, letting emails take priority over other things you need to do at your computer. 7. Cell Phone Productive uses: Communicating with friends and family, dealing with timely matters (like financial aid deadlines), calling to solve problems (like bank errors).Nonproductive uses: Texting every 10 seconds with a friend while trying to do another task, using your phone as a camera/video camera all the time, checking Instagram at bad times (in class, in conversation with others), always feeling like its the priority instead of your task at hand. 8. Movies and YouTube Productive uses: Using to relax, using to get into a mood (before a Halloween party, for example), just hanging out with friends, socializing, watching for class, watching a clip or two for fun, watching videos of friends or family, watching impressive feats or performances, watching snippets on a topic for a paper or project.Nonproductive uses: Getting sucked into a movie you didnt have time to watch in the first place, watching something simply because it was on TV, watching for just a minute that turns into 2 hours, watching videos that add nothing to your own life, using as an avoidance from the real work you need to do. 9. Video Games Productive uses: Letting your brain relax, playing with friends (near or far), socializing, learning about new games while meeting new people.Nonproductive uses: Losing sleep because youre playing too late at night, playing for too long when you have homework and other work to do, using video games as a way of avoiding the realities of your college life, not meeting new people because youre alone in your room playing video games too much. 10. Not Getting Enough Sleep Productive uses (are there really any?): Finishing a paper or project that took longer than expected, engaging with other students about something so exciting its worth missing a little sleep over, meeting a scholarship deadline, doing an activity instead of sleeping that truly enriches your college life.Nonproductive uses: Staying up too late on a regular basis, missing so much sleep that you arent functional during the time you are awake, having your academic work suffer, having your physical, mental, and emotional health suffer from lack of sleep.

Accounting Ethics Essay Sample

Accounting Ethics Essay Sample Accounting Ethics Essay Accounting is a form of activity that intends to provide an inventory of a product or a system that contains numerical figures. Basically, accounting concentrates on numbers that are indicated from financial reports made by the operating organization. The purpose of using accounting practices is to determine the correct and accurate way of computing a certain numerical figure that represents the value of a product or a facility. In this case, the margin of committing errors when computing for numerical values are slim because there is a person responsible for handling financial transactions for the company. They are the accountants who are licensed to operate as financial advisors to the company that performs auditing and formulating financially related values of the company’s assets and liabilities. Accounting ethics is important because it deals with the principle of veracity. All details submitted by the accountants with regard to the financial reports of the company are stated in truth. This is in accordance with the statement of agreement that has been done between the accountant and the company to ensure that all information is correct and accurate with the financial reports and transaction histories. Creating financial reports are carefully drafted before finalizing the details because it needs a regular scrutiny with regard to the amount of assets and liabilities that were transacted by the company. This includes the value of a commodity that has been transacted by the company as well as the services that were included with the transactional activities. Reports of financial assets and liabilities are usually checked before confirming by the auditors is critical to prevent any conflicting of information that is indicated from the financial reports. The value of ethics in accounting practices generates a significant structure of involving the company to become functional and reliable. Accountants need to know the mechanics of computing assets and liabilities so that all details are correctly indicated from the financial reports. Financial reports are usually forwarded on a monthly basis so that the company can monitor any progress with its marketing strategies as well as management of its transactions. The value represents the company’s policies and activities to ensure that there are no discrepancies with the financial reporting system. Accounting ethics applies to every accountant by requiring them to undergo a licensure examination after their academic years. This is to allow accountants to be officially recognized as part of the national accounting society who are licensed after passing the board exam. Accountants play a major role in influencing proper standards of ethical values to comply with the regulating agencies against inconsistent reporting of finances. Having a team of licensed accountants values the degree of the company’s rightful way of presenting their financial reports to the public and accounting regulating firms. This is to ensure that the company is always open to allow the public about its presentation of assets on a monthly basis. Consumers can monitor the progress of the company’s asset management structure to determine if they are still competitive in the market. Transparency is an important value applied by the accounting ethics because it displays the truth about the company’s market value and interests over time. In this position, the value of accounting practices ensures that the company always improves its interest as well as virtues to improve its computational practices with the company in an accurate way (Ehrlich, 2016). Reference Ehrlich,  Paul R. (2016),  Conference on population, environment, ethics: where we stand now  (video, 93 min),  University of Lausanne.

Nursing Management in Australia Research Proposal

Nursing Management in Australia - Research Proposal Example Caldwell Checklist is grouped according to the health team’s work pattern, preparation before going to the bedside, patient consultation, relevant bedside charts, ceiling of care, discharge planning, planning, documentation, summing up, and any conversation with relatives and in which yellow-colored areas represent essential check domains and while those white areas represent domains applicable only to some patients such as blood glucose chart (see Fig. 1) (Herring, Desai, and Caldwell, 2011, p. 21). The use of Caldwell checklist in a ward round may improve the standards of care because of its simplicity that takes up only one side of the A4 paper, ease of adaption in the clinical context, and recording of matter that has been considered and decided if needed. Upon establishment of the proposed changes and the checklist that would be adapted, the next step is to integrate the proposed changes and the checklist into the institution’s operation. This could be done by creating a medical group forward rounds that include medical staff, chief nurse or nurse managers, consultant, and other professional observers. One of the members of the medical staff will act as a leader and each nurse will do their routines in assessing, monitoring, evaluating, and documenting the client’s concerns and conditions. The leader will assign a checker (either the chief nurse or nurse manager) that will observe nurses’ documentation of ward rounds, ensure everything to be covered, and report and correct any omissions or errors. Yellow domains that are not covered may be marked with a circle while white domains can simply be left blank. Omissions or errors that are corrected can be a tick off and be considered in the documentation process. The f inal review of the filled-up checklist will be on the hands of the medical staff and other professional observers but only the members of the medical staff are allowed to get all of the items on the list addressed.

Mid- Term Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mid- Term Exam - Assignment Example In addition, this security model largely emphasizes the security aspects of information technology and helps people in analyzing all those important aspects that pertain to the comprehensive and valuable features of information technology (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). The three major components of the C.I.A triangle consist of Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Confidentiality: It is considered as one of the most important components of this particular model as it solely emphasizes the aspect of procurement of valuable information and it’s prevention from getting shared to unauthorized personnel. Information technology is considered to be a vital aspect as it serves multiple purposes. All kinds of major transactions that take place in today’s scenario are mostly based online mode and there are many malicious internet users who are very proficient in stealing and manipulating information that is highly restrictive (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). Integrity: It is al so considered to be a vital aspect of this particular triangle as this component largely emphasizes the protection of information along with preventing it from getting modified or even manipulated from any kind of unauthorized users which may prove to disrupt the information sharing process (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). ... to be the most important aspect in the field of information technology as it widely emphasizes the broad aspect of protection of information along with ensuring unauthorized access. It also facilitates to prevent revelation or disruption of the information to unwanted individuals. The two key concepts of information security essentially include IT security and Information assurance. IT security relates to ensuring proper security to the computers and all its components. Similarly, information assurance relates to the procurement of information and prevention of the valuable data from getting lost or being manipulated. However, both of these concepts have greater significance in relation to the triangle, especially in the modern day technological context as these concepts along with the components of C.I.A aim at a basic objective i.e. to ensure all round security in matters pertaining to information technology and its proper usage (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). Best example of informat ion technology and utilization of the concepts of information security and components of C.I.A would be that it is utilized by IT specialists, corporations, hospitals, financial institutions, government and military among broad entities. The components are utilized with the prime objective of ensuring comprehensive and steadfast security regarding various types of business information that are processed and shared for various authenticated and business purposes (Whitman and Herbert 1-250). 2. DESCRIBE AN INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY. EXPLAIN WHY IT IS CRITICAL TO THE SUCCESS OF AN INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Information security policies are certain documented business rules and regulations that are implemented for the sole purpose of storing and protecting information in an appropriate

Positive and Negative Aspects of Adult Education Essay

Positive and Negative Aspects of Adult Education - Essay Example Therefore, they are now focused on acquiring education and on making themselves compatible to the progressing environment. Governments of various countries like America, Hong Kong, UK have always encouraged older people to have education so that they match and compete with younger students. This prospect has made them independent, knowledgeable and modern literates. Adult students have gained back their lost confidence, importance and strength and are now ready to accept new challenges coming ahead. Many companies prefer to employ adults rather than having youngsters due to more experience and capabilities. For instance, a company would prefer to have a 40-year old manager rather than having a 28 year old youngster with higher education for the same post. In other words, adults are much more comfortable with resolving problems and they manage to do so easily. Institutions, where both young and adult students are enrolled, have a very strong inter-generational relationship. Exchange of ideas, flow of knowledge and wisdom, interpersonal communication and reduced differences in mental level can be well-observed in such institutions. Generation gap has been overcome to a large extent. In short, older adult students have seen to be more socially responsible than the younger ones. Besides having a positive effect on the lives of peopl

Do Other Possible Worlds Exist?

Do Other Possible Worlds Exist? Omar Haq   Introduction: Samantha is working at her desk. While she is unswervingly conscious only of her immediate situation her being seated in front of her computer, the melodious music playing in the backdrop, the echo of her husbands voice on the phone in the next room, and so on. She is quite confident that this circumstance is only part of a series of increasingly more comprehensive, although less immediate, situations: the situation in her house as a whole, the city she lives in, the one in her neighborhood, the state, the North American continent, the Earth, the solar system, the galaxy, and so on. it appears that anyway, it is quite rational to believe that this series has a limit, that is, that there is a inclusive situation surrounding all others: things, as a whole or, more succinctly, the actual world. Many of us also believe that things, as a whole, neednt have been just as they are. On the other hand, things might have been dissimilar in countless ways, both inconsequential and profound. from the very beginning of History, it could have stretched out quite other than it did in fact: The stuff comprising a distant star might never have ordered well enough to give light; species that survived could just as well have died off; wars and battles won might have been lost; children born might never have been conceived might otherwise have been born. In other case, no matter how stuff had gone they would still have been become part of a single, mostly inclusive, all-surrounding situation, a single world. Instinctively, then, the actual world of which Samanthas immediate state is a part is only one among many possible worlds. Motivations for Realism about Possible Worlds Philip Beckers possible worlds Lets begin with some terminology at the start. A world (or possible world-for me, the possible is superfluous) is, first, an individual or single entity, not a set or class. Secondly, it is a particular, not a property or universal. Thirdly, it is concrete in a sense that it is completely determinate in all qualitative and respects. Last but not the least, a maximal interconnected whole and each world is internally combined and inaccessible or isolated from every other world. There is at least one world; we are just part of the world. It is a concrete world, the actual world if there are no island universes. Worlds that are not real (if any) are simply possible. A realist about possible worlds thinks that there is a platitudinous plurality of worlds or there might a number of other worlds whenever something is possible-for example, that donkeys talk, or that pigs fly-there is a world in which it is true. There is a number of ways to be a realist about possible worlds. Realists split into two camps depending upon their account of actuality. David Lewis thinks that the worlds are ontologically all on a par; the actual and the merely possible vary, not utterly, but in how they are related to us. Lewisian called this realism. Most philosophers accept that Lewisian realism, if it is true, it would bring substantial theoretical payback to systematic philosophy. On the other hand, few philosophers have been eager or able to deem it. Often the obstruction to faith is the hypothetical and ontological extravagance that escorts any full-blown realism about possible worlds: belief in talking donkeys and flying pigs-even if they are spatiotemporally and causally inaccessible from us-is deemed simply outrageous. But According to Philip Becker, that opposition is based on chauvinism, prejudice, not argument; and it is not a prejudice that has been collective value. Oppositions to Lewiss account of realism, however, are another matter. Becker takes it to be theoretically obvio us that actuality is absolute, not relative, and that, moreover, the difference between the actual and the merely possible is dissimilarity in ontological status: whatever is ontologically of the same fundamental type as something actual is being itself actual. When Lewis claims, Phillip Bricker then, that all worlds are ontologically on a par, only can understand these protests in spite of being saying that all worlds are uniformly actual. But that makes Lewiss resistance of a plurality of worlds incoherent and illogical. For this, there could be no good reasons for believing in a plurality of actual concrete worlds. No matter how, Psychoanalysis of modal operators as quantifiers over concrete parts of actuality as well as extensive actuality are surely mistaken. Thus Lewisian realism has been rejected. Lewiss Modal realism Modal realism is the view propagated by David Kellogg Lewis. Lewis thinks that all possible worlds are as real as the actual world. It is surrounded by the following tenets: the existence of possible worlds; possible worlds are irreducible entities; possible worlds are not different in kind from the actual world; the term actual in actual world is indexical, i.e. any subject can state their world to be the actual one, much as they label the place they are here and the time they are now. The term goes back to Leibnizs theory of possible worlds, used to analyse necessity, possibility, and similar modal notions. In short: the actual world is considered as merely one among an infinite set of logically possible worlds, some nearer to the actual world and some more remote. A proportional suggestion is necessary if it is true in all possible worlds and possible if it is true in at least one. Main doctrines At the heart of David Lewiss modal realism are six central doctrines about possible worlds: Possible worlds exist they are just as real as our world; Possible worlds cannot be abridged to something more basic they are irreducible entities in their own right. Possible worlds are the same sort of things as our world they can be different in content, not in kind; Possible worlds are causally secluded from each other. Possible worlds are amalgamated by the spatiotemporal interrelations of their parts; every world is spatiotemporally isolated from every other world. Actuality is indexical. When we differentiate our world from other possible worlds by claiming that it alone is actual, we mean only that it is our world. Reasons given by Lewis Lewis supports modal realism for a number of reasons. First, there doesnt seem to be a reason. Many abstract mathematical entities are added simply because they are helpful. For example, sets are useful, abstract mathematical thing that were only visualized in the 19th century. Sets are now measured to be objects in their own right, and while this is a philosophically unintuitive idea, its usefulness in understanding the workings of mathematics creates faith in it worthwhile. The same thing should go for possible worlds. Since these have assisted us to make sense of key philosophical concepts in epistemology, philosophy of mind, metaphysics, etc. Their existence should be unanimously accepted on pragmatic grounds. Lewis condemns that the idea of alethic modality can be condensed to talk of real possible worlds. For example, to say x is possible is to say that there situates a possible world where x is true. To say x is required is to say that in all possible worlds x is factual and accurate. The appeal to possible worlds presents a sort of economy with the least number of undefined primitives/axioms in our ontology. By Taking this latter point one step further, Lewis says that modality cannot be made sense of without such a reduction. He upholds that we cannot settle on that x is possible without a origin of what a real world where x holds would look like. In other words, it is possible for basketballs to be inside of atoms whether we do not merely formulate a linguistic determination of whether the proposition is grammatically rational and coherent. We essentially think about whether a real world would be able to sustain such a state of affairs or not. Thus, we need a brand of modal realism if we want to use modality at all. Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelles Plurality of Worlds The French philosopher and writer Fontenelle (1657-1757) was well-known for popularizing science and philosophy in a lively, elegant and dynamic way. His Entretiens sur la pluralità © des mondes (Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds) (Fontenelle 1686) propagated an elucidation of the Copernicus heliocentric model of the universe in popular language. It was an instantaneous success and revolutionary work. The book offered a number of conversations between a heroic philosopher (Fontenelle himself) and a Marchioness. The question about life on other worlds was come up and one of the main troubles to be discussed was the following one: are the inhabitants of these planets have similarity like us or are they quite different from ours? Here is Fontenelles observation. The inhabitants of the solar system are very diverse from one planet to another. On the Moon, where there is no air, no water, no cloud, no protection against the Sun, the Salinities live beneath the surface in deep well s that possibly could be seen through our telescopes. But the Marchioness looks very uncertain about the humming and hawing coming from his lovely teacher regarding the description of life on the Moon: its a lot of ignorance based on very little science, she narrates. She has the emotion that Fontenelle is going to populate all the planets and she is at once besieged by the unlimited number of inhabitants possibly to be on all these planets. How can we visualize these planet dwellers, so different indeed if nature is opposed to repetitions? Fontenelle delights himself imagining that distinctions boost up as the planets become more and more far-away from the Sun. For example, on Venus, where heat and sunlight are more intense than on our planet, the climate situations are very encouraging and favorable to love affairs. The Venusians (named Cà ©ladons and Silvandres) are intelligent and lively but all are sterile, except a very little number of procreators and the Queen who is tremen dously productive. Millions of offspring are descended from her and this fact is quite parallel to the bee kingdom on the Earth. The Marchioness seems very amazed! Fontenelle passes very little time on the case of Mars, a planet which seems to be very much alike to the Earth. According to him, Mars has nothing extraordinary and its not worth mentioning it. But, Jupiter, Saturn and their moons seem to be more interesting and are worthy of being habitable. The inhabitants of Saturn whose are very far from the Sun are very wise and phlegmatic. They never laugh and they require a whole day to answer the least question one asks them. What about far away in the universe? All the stars are so many suns lighting up a world. Fontenelles plurality of worlds appears finally to be so probable that the Marchioness appears discouraged and dismayed by such a diversity of living being. Fontenelle presents it to the reader a very broad plurality of living worlds. Its value is to have been the first to popularize in an agreeable style that is the idea of diversity of life in the universe. Richard Proctors Planetary Worlds The famous British astronomer Richard A. Proctor (1837-1888) is well remembered for having shaped one of the earliest maps of Mars in 1867 and for having written many popular books. Amongst them, Other Worlds Than Ours, The Plurality of Worlds Studied Under The Light of Recent Scientific Researches, had been published for the first time in 1870 and attracted attention not only of the scientific world but also of a very wide audience immediately. Proctor made a poetical description to show what astronomy taught us about the Sun and its planets. He also talked about the probability that other worlds where we could be inhabited. However, according to Proctor, intricacies arise when the discussion comes to the possible forms of life (Proctor 1870). Habitability would be the key element and argument that able to answer this question, even if it is quite tough to know the conditions under which these beings could live. In Proctors belief, habitability could nevertheless be described in considering analogy with the Earth, i.e. parameters similar to those existing upon our planet. Proctor also incorporated the Darwinian theory of biological evolution into his reasoning in order to see if life would be possible in very unusual and exotic environments. He emphasized that we have learned from Darwins theory that slight differences between two regions of the Earth could guide us to life forms differently adapted. Furthermore, there are places on the Earth where species belonging to other areas would quickly be perished. He presumed from what our planet taught us about evolution that other worlds could be the residenc e of living things but they would sustain life in other ways. Proctor deliberated the habitability of every planet of the solar system. He propagated that the existence of planned and organized forms of life depended on the conditions which is hypothetical to have an effect on the planetary surface, such as atmosphere, climate, seasons, geology, and gravity. For example, the physical circumstances of Venus-size, location in the solar system, rotation, density, seasons, heat and light received from the Sun- seemed to show very close resemblances to the Earth. Arguments coming from analogy permitted him to finish off that this planet could be inhabited. Proctor understood that Venus could be the dwelling of creatures as far advanced in the level of evolution as any existing upon the Earth. However, it evidently appeared that the best contender to be the habitat of life was Mars, the miniature of our Earth (Proctor 1870). Certainly, at that time, among all the extraterrestrial bodies experienced in our solar system, Mars had been tested more minutely and under more constructive circumstances than any object except the Moon. The surface of Mars was supposed to be enclosed by oceans and continents (the darker regions were supposed to be seas and the lighter parts continents). The Martian geography-or areography-was immensely studied, experimented and seemed to reveal the presence of a vast equatorial zone of continents, seas and 198 F. Raulin Cerceau straits: without a doubt remained as to the understanding of the features looking like land or water. Mars seemed to present very strong analogies with the Earth and everything looked possible regarding the forms of life likely to be on its surface. With seasons equivalent to terrestrial ones, water vapor in the atmosphere an d forms of vegetation growing plentifully, Proctors Martian world was entirely suited for complex life. Proctor granted also life on Jupiter. The massive planet might be inhabited by the most favored races existing throughout the whole range of the solar system (Proctor 1870), thanks to the very equilibrium and excellence of the system which circles round it. It had been projected at that time that the mammoth dimensions of Jupiter and its distance from the sun led to the termination that Jovians must be a kind of the giant kind. Their eyes might have been in accordance with the weakness of the sunlight: less light, larger pupil and larger eyes, and then larger body. But Proctor did not hold up this hypothesis. Because of gravity and in order to make a Jove-man as active as our earthly counterpart, he propagated that we might have to give to these beings a size comparable to pygmiesone. However, Proctor wanted to stay under the control of exact knowledge. He thought that we could on ly claim that the beings of other worlds are very different from any we are acquainted with, without endeavoring to give shape and form to fancies that have no foundation in fact (Proctor 1870). Bibliography Bricker, P., 1980. Prudence, Journal of Philosophy, 77(7): 381-401. , 1987. Reducing Possible Worlds to Language, Philosophical Studies, 52(3): 331-355. , 1996. Isolation and Unification: The Realist Analysis of Possible Worlds, Philosophical Studies, 84(2/3): 225-238. Flammarion, C.(1865). Les Mondes imaginaires et les Mondes rà ©els. Didier, Paris Flammarion, C.(1891). Uranie. Librairie Marpon et Flammarion, Paris Fontenelle (le Bovier de) B (1686) Entretiens sur la Pluralità © des Mondes. McKay Ch, Smith HD.(2005). Possibilities for methanogenic life in liquid methane on the surface of Titan. Icarus 178:274-276 Morowitz H, Sagan C. (1967). Life in the clouds of Venus? Nature 215:1259-1260 Proctor, RA. (1870). other worlds than ours, the plurality of worlds studied under the light of recent scientific researches. Burt, New York

Anorexia Not just a Womens Disease Essay -- Nervosa eating disorder ma

Anorexia Not just a womens disease Anorexia: Not Just A Women’s Disease â€Å"Oh I’m so fat†. This is not something we normally think of hearing out of a man’s mouth. Women are thought to be the only ones that obsess over their appearance. Therefore, anorexia is commonly thought to be a woman’s disease. But in reality, there are many men fighting it. Out of the estimated eight million people in the United States with anorexia, about ten percent of the cases are men (Something Fishy, par.1). These are only reported cases. It is assumed that there is more, but the men haven’t come forward, since it is very hard for a man to admit to having this disease. Nevertheless, there are a growing number of men in America with this disease, and it needs to be dealt with. This paper will address the causes, affects, reason why they hide it, and treatment of anorexia in men. It is not known for sure what exactly causes anorexia in men. But there are a few theories on it. One theory on the cause of anorexia in men is our culture today. Most people think our culture only influences women with the constant pressure to be skinny, with the magazines, and the skinny models, and everything. But actually, society influences men to be thin quite a bit too. What’s acceptable for a man’s body shape is very limited here in America. More and more magazines for men are about fitness, weight lifting, and body building(Highlights, par. 6). The media and entertainment industry really focuses on a nicely built, â€Å"in shape manâ€Å". So some men do feel pressure to be physically fit. Of the men that are overweight, some may choose anorexia as a way to diet. Anorexia in men is rare of course, but it does happen. A... ...October 14th, 2000. November 26th, 2000. 4) Brumberg, Joan J. Fasting Girls. London: Harvard University Press, 1998. 5) Highlights. Billie, Lindsey J. 1995. The Columbia University Heath Service. November 26th, 2000. 6) Rumney, Avis. Dying to Please. London: McFarland, 1983. 7) Sandbek, Terence J. The Deadly Diet. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 1993. 8) Self Help Magazine. Lee Hoffman. May 28th 1998. November 9th, 2000. Http://shpm.com/articles/reating/nih/anorexia.html 9) Something Fishy: Website on Eating Disorders. September 26th, 2000. November 26th, 2000. 10) The Eating Disorders Site. Margo, J.L. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1987. November 26th, 2000. 11) Web MD Health. March, 1999. November 9th, 2000. Http://ebmd.com/content/dmk_article_40031 12) Zerbe, Kathryn J. The Body Betrayed. Carlsbad, CA: Gurze Books, 1995.

Assignment Devry

While genetic engineering is only being applied at crops at the moment, one has to wonder how long it will be before humans are unethically engineered and what will be the implication of such actions. An analysis of science fiction films, where genetic engineering is applied could provide a view Into the Implications of genetic engineer of humans on society. The popular science fiction film Cataract Is a perfect film to show the possible affects human genetic engineer could have on society. In Cattle the technology to engineer people to near perfection has been made possible and the fate of everyone is known at the very moment of birth.The number of genetically enhanced humans is far rater than the number of natural born people, which has lead to a new form of social segregation. The film follows the life of one of the few of the natural born humans, named Vincent. Being a natural born, Vincent does not have many options and even worse he is diagnosed with a severe heart condition. F rom the start, it would seem that society (even Vincent own farther) would not consider him worthy of their attention. The only person that actually seemed to care about Vincent was his mother, who actually seemed to disapprove of the genetic engineer being done.One as to feel bad for Vincent and others like him, because nobody seemed to want anything to do with him. The schools would not accept him, because of his heart condition and his own farther did not consider Vincent worthy to care his name. Vincent parents eventually have another child who Is genetically altered: this son would be superior to Vincent in every way possible and the father would consider him worthy of his name. The film presents several important and very symbolic scenes, where Vincent and his brother Anton compete in swimming.Throughout their childhood, Anton would always win without ever having to give any effort. One day something Impossible happened Vincent the Imperfect natural born beat his perfectly gen etically engineered brother. Years later, Vincent and Anton compete once more and when Vincent wins, he says he is able to do it, because he never saves anything for the swim back. One could view the swimming scenes as a metaphor for life. In life people have to compete against the forces of nature and others. Some people seem to be given everything on a silver platter, while others are given nothing.Just because mom people are given everything, It does not mean that those less fortunate cannot succeed. Violent Is a perfect example AT ten previous example; even tongs Nils brother is genetically superior, Vincent is able to beat his brother by training and working for his goals every day. Another interesting point of the film is the character Irene. Even with societies great technology there is still the possibility of errors and Irene is the best example of this statement. Irene is one of the many â€Å"perfect† beings except for one minor flaw, she has a heart murmur.This he art murmur proves that regardless of all of the advances made in technology cannot guarantee perfection 100% of the time. One has to feel for Irene, because despite being genetically engineered to near perfection she is not accepted by her fellow genetically altered brothers and sisters. The last significant character in the film is Jerome. Jerome is another one of the perfectly genetically engineered people, but he is described as being the best of the best. Unfortunately for Jerome, being perfectly engineered does not mean he would be successful at everything or that he would live a perfect life.Jerome had apparently laced second place once, which apparently demoralized him to the extent of attempting suicide. Groomer's attempt of suicide was unsuccessful and it resulted in him becoming paralyzed, which would make him the perfect partner for Vincent. Groomer's final action in the film is interesting, but not surprising. Jerome had tried to kill himself once before and it would onl y be a matter of time before he would try again. The ending of the film was the most informative and fascinating part of the whole film.When Vincent is his heading for the space shuttle he is given a surprise gene inspection by the doctor. Vincent does not have any of Groomer's blood/urine samples and so it would seem that he is caught. Surprisingly, the doctor who conducted all of the testing on Vincent knew he was an In-Valid the entire time. The doctor let Vincent pass, because he had a son that apparently was an In-valid. In conclusion, it is apparent that Andrew Niccole, the director of Cattle, does not approve of genetic engineering. Niccole uses his film to paint the bleak picture of the future of genetic engineering.Now some people may doubt the relevance a film may eave on real world situations, but there are plenty of writers, scientist, and even scholars who would disapprove of genetic engineering. Victor Mafia wrote that genetic engineer would create a risk that the info rmation discovered from genetic engineering would create a form of discrimination in the workforce (Mafia, 2001, p. 83). This fact is evident from the film Cattle. Discrimination in the workforce has always been a problem in the past and it would seem like the problem may evolve if genetic engineering becomes possible.Elizabeth Fenton, a philosopher, believes that genetic engineering will lead to the reaction of a new sub-species of humans and that the differences between the two species would lead one species to enslave or destroy the other (Fenton , 2008, p. 8). While in the film the enhanced beings never directly enslaved or destroyed the naturals, the naturals would never be more than lower class individuals. While there are plenty of people who argue against genetic engineering, there are still a few people who say that genetic engineering can have a place in the world. Clifton E.

“Dulce Et Decorum Est” by Wilfred Owen Essay

In the poem â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est†, by Wilfred Owen, Owen uses imagery and diction to convey the meaning of the poem. Throughout the poem, Owen paints visual pictures in the reader’s mind. His word choice also emphasizes what he is expressing in the poem. Diction and imagery are two literary devices that help the reader understand that they should feel sorrow and understand the intensity of war, the purpose of the poem. Owen puts a mental image in the reader’s mind, which is a picture of a war scene. The soldiers are trucking on â€Å"limped, blood shod† and through the treks. He is showing that the soldiers are injured and exhausted, which tells the reader they are at war. When Owen talks about the dream of the soldier plunging â€Å"at me, guttering, choking, drowning†, this paints a picture for the reader and sets a very intense mood because the soldier’s bad injury. Diction is used as well to convey the meaning of the poem. The soldiers are slouching on, â€Å"knock-kneed, coughing like hags, they cursed through sludge†. The reader wonders what is going on and sets the feeling of sorrow and sick feeling the reader should feel when reading Owen’s poem. When Owen explained the scene of the injured as â€Å"obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud, of vile, incurable sores of innocent tongues.† This makes the reader feel sorrow for the innocent soldiers and shows the awfulness of the war scene. Wilfred Owen, used word choice and mental pictures to set the mood for Dulce Et Decorum Est. Diction and imagery are two literary devices that can put purpose into words. As for Owen’s poem, the purpose was to make the reader understand the seriousness of war and sorrow for the soldiers.